Maxamed Xuseen Caydiid
Waxaan halkan ku eegi doonaa taariikhda Libya oo ah taariikh aad ugu eeg taariikhda Somalia. Libya waxa soo maamulay dawladihii casriyadii hore sida fiiniishiyiintii, Romans kii, Giriig gii iyo Faraaciintii. Dhulka Libya marar badan waxa ka dhisnaa dawlado yar yar oo midiba qayb Libya ka mid ah ka jiri jirtay sida dawladihii lakala odhanjiray Tripolitaniya (Tripolitania), Siranayka (Cyrenaica), iyo Fesaan (Fezzan). Dawladahan saddexda ah ee yaryar waxay hoos tegijireen boqortooyadii cusmaaniyiinta ee fadhigeedu ahaa Istanbul Turkey.
Horaantiiq qarnigii 20aad ayey ka baxday boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiintu, waxaan soo galay oo gumastay talyaanigii. Talyaanigu saddexdii boqortooyo hoosaad ba way isku wada qabsadeen waxayna u bixiyeen gobolka Libya. Sadex boqortooyo hoosaad waa Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, and Fezzan.
Tripolitania waxay ka dhisnayd galbeedka Libya, Cyrenaica na waxay ka dhisnayd beriga Libya, halka Fezzan ka dhisnayd koonfurta Libya.
Talyaanigu sidii ay ka midyihiin dalkoodii Itaaliya ayey u maamuleen Libya, dadkii dalka lahaana waxay ula dhaqmeen si foolxun.
Talyaanigii waxa ka hor yimi iska cabin weliba dhankii Boqortooyadii beri ee Cyrenaica. Kacdoonaa ama iska caabintaa waxa hogaamiyey kooxdii sheekhii/Suufigii Maxamed bin Cali Al-sanuusi asaasay ee la magacbaxday Sanuusiyiinta, kooxdaas oo aad uga soo horjeedsay qabsashadii talyaaniga ee sadexdii dal ee Libya da cusubi ka samaysantay.
Cumar al-mukhtaar oo ahaa imam wayn oo kasoo jeeday kooxda sanuusiyiinta ayaa hor kacay kacdoonka.
Cumar al-mukhtaar waxa uu wax kusoo bartay dalka Suudaan, halkaas oo ka mid ahaa arday kacaankii Mahdigii Suudaan. Sayid Maxamed Axmed Al-Mahdi, waxa uu ahaa nin sheikh ah oo hogaamiyey dariiqo diimeed oo Sudaan 12 August 1844 – 22 June 1885 ka kacaantay, sheegtayna in uu yahay mahdigii diintu sheegtay oo yimi. Sayid Maxamed Al Mahdi wuxuu sameeyey dariiqada Mahdiya, wuxuuna xukumay inta badan dalka Suudaan ka hor intaan ingriiska iyo masaarida oo isbarkani kala wareegin.
Cumar Al-mukhtar wuxuu ahaa, hogaamiye xalaal ah oo geesi ah. Dagaal dheer oo gorilla ah ayuu la galay talyaanigii. Ka dib in ka badan 20 sano oo halgan ah Cumar Al-mukhtaar waa la qabtay waxaana lagu deldelay meel macshar ah si ay ugu quustaan dadka reer Libya oo aanay mar danbe isugu deyin in talyaaniga ka hor yimaadaan. Goor hadh cad ah ayaa lagu deldelay Cumar Al-mukhtaar iyo rag lala qabtayba badhtamaha magaalada SULUQ oo hoostimaada gobolka beri ee Banqaasi.
Geeridiisa waxay ruxday dunida carabta iyo muslim ka oo dhan, waxaana tacsi iyo baroor diiq kasoo diray gabyaa iyo madaxda badan oo carbeed, waxaanan kasoo qaadan karnaa gabyaagii waynaa ee carbeed Axmed Al-showqi oo yidhi:
????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????
???????????? ???????? ?????? ????????
??? ?????????! ?????? ???????? ??? ???
????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????????
??? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???
?????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????
??????? ??????? ???? ??????, ??????????
???????????????? ????????????????? ????????????
?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????
????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????
????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????????
??????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????
???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????????
?????????????? ???? ?????????????? ??????????
???? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????
????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????
??????? ???????????: ????????? ?????????
????????????, ??????????? ???????????
?????????? ?????????, ????????? ???????
(????? ???????????), ?(?????????) ?????????????
?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????????
????? ?????????? ???????????, ??? ?????????? ????????
????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????
????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????
??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????
???????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????
?????????? ???? ???????? ????????
?? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????
???????????? ???? ?????? ??????????
????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????
???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????
???????? (?????????) ??????????? ??????????
??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????
???????????, ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????
?????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?????????
????????? ????? ???????????????? ??????????????
????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???
“??????”, ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????
?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????
???????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????
???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????
????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????
???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????
??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????
???????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????
??????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????????
??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????
??????????????????, ????????????? ???????????????
????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ???
?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????
??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????
??????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????????????????
????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???????
??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????
?????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????
?????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????
????????? ??? ???????, ???? ?????????
???? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????????
?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????
??????? ???????????????, ???????? ?????????????
??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????
????????? ????????????, ??????? ????????????
?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????
???????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????
??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????
?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????????????
??????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???????
????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????
????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????
????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????
???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????
?????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????
???? ????????? ??????? ????????, ????????
??????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ???????
??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ?????????
??????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????
????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????
???????? ??????????, ??????????? ??????????????
??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????
???????????? ????? ????????????? ????????????????
Gabaygani waa gabay dheer, waana gabay aftahanimo carbeed ku dhantahay, waydun akhrisan oo dhuuxi. Akhristeyaal hadii loo baahdo waxaan kusoo turjumidoonaa af-Soomaali qormooyin danbe insha allah.
Dagaalkii labaad ee dunida sanadkii 1943 ayaa Talyaanigii laga qabsaday Libya oo waxa kala wareegay xulafadii Ingiriiska iyo Faransiisku hor kacayeen. Ingiriisku xiligaa wuxuu kaloo ka qabsaday Talyaaniga Soomaliyada koonfureed ee Mogadishu iyo wadamo kale.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee guul daradaa talyaaniga waxa soo dhaweeyey dariiqadii reer Sanuusi ee beriga Libya, waxayna wada shaqayn la yeesheen boqortooyadii ingiriiska.
Sanadkii 1951 waxay noqdeen dowladii ugu horaysay Africa ee qaramada midoobay aqoonsaday madax banaanideeda, waxayna la baxday boqortooyada Libya. Taa bedelkeeda Somalia yadii talyaaniga mar laga wada kiciyey waxa lasiiyey maamul hoosaad ama wasaayad (UN Trusteeship).
Boqortooyada cusub ee Libya waxa boqor ka noqday ragii usoo dagaalamay ee kasoo jeeday boqortooyadii bariga ee Cyrenaica xukumayey, waxaana loo cumaamaday Boqor Idris Al-sanusi (King Idris of Libya).
Boqor Idiris Al-Sanusi waxa uu jabhadayn iyo baxsad ugu maqnaa wadanka Masar, ka dibna maadaama uu ahaa iska caabinta keliya ee aan qabsashada talyaaniga aqbalin waxa uu qayb ka ahaa eryidii talyaaniga ee Libya isagoo kaashanaya boqortooyadii ingiriiska. Waxa si isu tanaasul ah boqornimadiisa u aqabalay qoyskii xukumijiray boqortooyadii Tripolitania ee isdhiibtay iyadoo taa bedelkeedana laga dhigay magaaladoodii magaala maxdaxda Libya da cusub waa Tripoli da maantee.
Boqor Idiris Al-Sanusi waxa uu xukumayey Libya 1951 ilaa 1969 kii. Boqorku xukunkiisa waxa uu dabada geliyey Boqoryooda Ingiriiska iyo dawlada Maraykanka. Iyadoo boqor ku uu labadaa dawladood ka siiyey saldhigyo Military dalka Libya. Dhanka kale boqor ku wuxuu heshiisyo shidaal baadhis ah lagalay shirkadihii petrol ka ee Maraykan ka iyo Ingiriiska.
Aakhirkiina waxa laga soo saaray shidaal ka boqortooyada Libya sanadkii 1959 kii. Soo saarkii shidaalku waxa uu bedelay nolashii reer Libya, waxaanu ka dhigay dalka ugu qanisan qaarada Africa.
Mudadii boqor Idiris uu xukumayey Libya waxa Masar ka dhacay Inqilaabkii saraakiisha xorta ah la baxay ee Jamaal Cabdunaasir hogaaminayey. Inqilaabka Jamaal Cabdunaasir waxa uu dunida carabta kusoo kordhiyey dhaqdhaqaaqii Naasiriya ee wadamada carabta ka bilaabmay; kaas oo ahaa in carabtu hal dawlad ah oo xoog ah yeelato, lagana takhaluso dhamaan boqorada uu isticmaarku kaga tegay dhulkii carbeed.
Naasiriya waxay noqotay aragti ku boorisa dhalinyarada carbeed in ay ciidan ka galaan oo inqilaabo dhigaan lagaga takhalusayo boqorada carbeed ee reer galbeed ka u janjeedha (pro-western monarchies), waxayna inqilaabo ka dhaceen Ciraaq, Suuriya iyo Suudaan.
Si lamid ah dalalka carbeed Libya waxa ka dhacay inqilab dhalinyaro ciidanka ahi hogaaminayso sanadkii 1969, wakhti uu boqor Idris Sanuusi safar caafimaad ugu maqnaa wadanka Turkey ga.
In ka badan 70 sarkaal oo dhalinyaradii ciidanka boqortooyada Libya ayaa inqilaabka ka qayb ahaa, waxayna la baxeen dhaqdhaqaaqa xorta ah (Free Officers Movement), sariikiishan waxa ugu caansanaa ama hogaaminayey, Colonel. Mucammar Qaddafi oo noqday Madaxwaynihii kacdoonka, Cabdullahi Al-sanusi oo noqday taliyihii sirdoonka, Abu Bakar Yonis Jabar oo noqday wasiirkii difaaca, Cabdulfatax Yoonis oo noqday wasiirkii arrimaha gudaha, Abdisalam Jaaluud oo noqday Raiisalwasaare iyo Khalifa Xaftar oo Taliye Sare oo Ciidanka Libya ah noqday, imikana hogaamiya jabhad haysata inta badan wadanka Libya.
Xukunkii Libya waxa la wareegay gole lamagac baxay golaha kacaanka Libya (Libyan Revolutionary Command Council) oo uu hogaamiye kacaan kayahay Mucamar Qaddafi.
Khubadii koobaad ee uu Qadafi u jeediyey shacabkii Libya wuxuu duray reer galbeedka, wuxuuna sheegay in ay kasaari doonaan ciidamada Maraykan ka iyo Ingiriiska ee saldhigyada ku leh wadanka Libya.
Waxa uu kasloo sheegay in dadka reer Libya ay yihiin walalo siman oo aan kala mudnayn, kacdoonkanina yahay kacdoon shacab oo barwaaqo keeni doona.
Waxaana la xidhay bayskii ciidamada cirka ee maraykanka ee Tripoli iyo bayskii ciidamada Ingiriiska ee Dubruq April 10, 1970.
Hogaanka kacaanka Libya waxa uu soo bandhigay falsafad ku salaysan xoraynta carabta sida falastiin oo la xoreeyo iyo guud ahaanba in caalamka carabta laga xoreeyo boqorada hoos jooga siyaasada reer galbeedka.
Hogaamihiye Mucamar Qaddafi waxa kale la wareegay Baanankii reer galbeedka ee Libya ka dhisnaa iyo wershadihii shidaal sifayn jiray ee shirkahada reer galbeedku Libya ka dhisteen, dhamaan hantidaas wuu qarameeyey.
Shantii sano ee hore (1969-1973) Mucamar Al-qadafi wuxuu u muuqday nin ku shaqeeya dareenka dadka, markiisii hore na kasoo jeeday caa’ilad nolol hoose ku noolayd, wuxuu tegi jiray magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka iyo xitaa maqaaxiyaha dad caadiga ahi joogaan si uu dadka ula kulmo oo ula sheekaysto.
Wuxuu ahaa nin cadaalada u dhow, baabuurkiisa markuu doono keligii wata oo ku taga meeshuu rabo. La kulma ardayda schoolada iyo jaamacada markuu doono iyo xiliguu doono.
Wuxuu ahaa nin wadatashi ku wada golaha kacaanka Libya, wuxuu kaloo ahaa mid waxqabadkiisu si xawli ah u socdo oo maalin walba mashruuc dhagax dhiga maalinta xigtana xadhiga ka jara mashaariic guulaysatay. Taasi waxay dhashay in uu taageero badan ka helay shacabkiisa
Waxa uu March 1970 asaasay National Oil Corporation (NOC) oo gashay halkii shirkadaha reer galbeed ee shidaalku ugu jireen Libya.
Sanadkii 1973 bishii October waxa dhacay dagaalkii lamagac baxay (1973 Arab–Israeli War), dagaalkaasi Qaddafi wuxuu aad ula safnaa xulafadii walaladiisa carbeed ee ay hogaaminayeen Masar iyo Suuriya. Qaddafi iyo Shacabkiisuba taageero waxay awoodayeen way isla garab taageen dalalkii furinta dagaalka galay. Waxa xusid mudan in Sucuudiya Arabiya iyo Libya ba, ay joojiyeen shidaalkii ay reer galbeedka ka iibinjireen maadaama oo ay reer galbeedku la safteen dawlada Yuhuuda (Israel) arintaas oo qas dhaqaale ku abuurtay dawladihii waawaynaa ee reer Europe iyo maraykanka.
Geeridii Jamal Abdunaasir ka bacdi Qaddafi waxa galay qab uu isu arkayey odayga dawladaha carbeed Jamaal Abdunaasir dabadii, halkaas ayey ka bilaabantay in uu is bedelo fikirkii iyo falsafadii uu ku hawl galeyey ahayd nin simple ah oo dadkiisa uun ku hogaamiya hadba waxay rabaan, waxaan gashay in uu muuqda oo dantii carbeed ee markii hore uu ku hamiyey waxa imika usoo raacay oo kusoo korodhay in uu dhiso odaynimadiisa carbeed.
Waxa kaloo la sheegaa in ay sabaha in uu is bedelo ku keenay ka mid ahayd, in kooxda ka mid ah kooxdisii ciidanka ay isku dayeen in ay afgenbi kale sameeyaan laakin markiiba fashilmay, laakin arintaasi dareen gelisay isaga, dareenkaas oo ah in uu wax iska celiyo dalkana yeesho. Waxa kale oo la sheegaa in booqashooyinkiisii ardayda iyo jaamacadaha laftoodu uu dareen ka qaatay una arkay in isaga la diidayo, markaana ay gashay xejiso Meesha, waayo ardayda iyo aqoonyahanku waxay ka codsanjiren in uu xukunka rayidka kusoo celiyo mar wal oo uu la kulmaba.
Sidii qorshuhu ahaa; kooxda wadanka inqilaabtay waxay heshiis ku ahaayeen in xukunka shacabka ku celiyaan oo dalku dal dimoqraadiya noqdo, hasa yeeshee 15 April 1973 waxa shir golihii kacaanku hogaaminayo lagu qabtay magaalada ZUWARA, shirkaas waxa kasoo qayb galay golihii kacaanka iyo dhamaan indheergaradkii Libya.
Qadafi iyo saaxiibadii waxay ku wada socdeen in uu shirka Qaddafi kaga dhawaaqo iscasilaadiisa iyo in xukunkii lagu wareejinayo dadka reer Libya, laakin taa bedelkeedii Qadafi waxa uu khudbadiisii ku sheegay waxuu ku timaamay (Cultural Revolution or People’s Revolution) oo ah dadku diideen qorshihii kooxda askarta ee uu ka mid ka ahaa wadeen. Wuxuuna bilaabay in uu dhamaan saaxibadii jeelka ku guro, waxna laayo.
Wuxuu mamnuucay shan qolo oo uu arkaayey in ay awoodda ku haystaan ama ay awood doon yihiin, waxayna kala ahaayeen shanta qolo ee la mamnuucay shuuciyada (Communism), xagirnimo (conservatism), hanti-goosi (capitalism), diinlaawe (atheism), iyo ikhwaanul musliinta (Muslim Brotherhood). Taa bedelkeeda wuxuu asaasay siyaasad fikir islaamka iyo dhaqanka carabta ku fadhiya oo isaga fahamkiisa ku salaysan, wuxuuna ku dhawaaqay waxa uu u bixiyey Jamaahiiriya oo ah dadka ayaa is xukumaya, laakin xaqiiqadu tahay dalka iyo dadkaba waxa iska leh Qaddafi.
Nidaamka Jamaahriiya wuxuu sheegay in aan Madaxwayne jirin, laakin uu yahay oo keliya walaalka jamaahiiryada iyo hogaanka ciidamada qalabka sida. Laakin macaheedu waxa uu ahaa uun waxwalba Qaddafi baa ah. Jamaahiiriya waxay bedeshay dhamaan hayadihii dawliga ahaa iyo qaabkay u shaqaynayeen kor iyo hoosba.
Wuxuu ku dhawaaqay wax uu ku sheegay shanta qodobka uu asalka u ah habka cusub ee jamaahiirya (The five points) shantaa qodob oo kala ahaa:
In la laalay dhamaan shuruucdii iyo dastuurkii Libya
In La mamnuucay shantaa qolo ee aan kor ku soo sheegnay
In hubka loo qaybiyo shacabka reer Libya
In wax ka bedel baahsan lagu sameeyo habka maamulka Libya
In la qaatay diinta Islamka, lana mamcuuay diimaha kale iyo weliba dhaqamada kale
Waxa kale oo ku dhawaaqay gudiyada heer xaafadeed, degmo, gobol iyo heer qaran (Formation of People’s Committees), gudiyadaas oo asaas u ahaa habka cusub ee jamaahiiriya, taas oo ka dhigtay dadkiiba in lagu xareeyey golayaashii hanuuninta ee Maxamed Siyaad Bare oo kale.
Qaddafi wuxuu isku sheegay in uu yahay imaamka ugu wayn culimada dalka, madaxa kacaanka dadka iyo jamaahiiryada, wuxuuna sameeyey sanadkii 1975 kibaabkii lamagac baxay buugii cagaarkaa (The green Book)
Buugan waxa uu qoray saddex aragtiyood oo ay Jamaahiiriya Libya ku shaqaynayso ama ah saldhiga siyaasada Libya (Political Philosophy), saddex qaybood ee buuga ka hadlayan waxay kala yihiin: Xalka mushkiladaha ama khaladaadka dimuqraadiyada oo uu bixiyey awooda shacabka, ka labaad oo ahaa; Xalka dhaqaalhu waah anti-wadaag (Socialism) iyo aragtidad caalamiga ee saddexaad oo ahayd tii saddexaad; waxayna ahayd aragti hanti-wadaag islaamaysan oo hadana carabaysan iyo hadana afrikaanaysan oo Qaddafi samaystay.
Dadkii wuxuu ka dhigay wax Jamaahiiriya la dhacsan oo taabacasan iyo wixii kale oo badhna la deldalay badhna jeelasha lagu guray.
Sida aan hore usoo xusay wuxuu isu arkayey hogaamiyaha carbeed Jamaal Cabdunaasir dabadii, laakin sida uu wax u waday marka la arkay hogaamiyeyaashii carbeed ee kale lamay dhacsanayn.
Taa wax ka dhalatay in Madaxwaynihii Masar Anwar Sadat ee xukunka ka dhaxalay Jamaal Cabdunaasir uu geeska ku riixay Mucammar Qaddafi, kana talo gelin waayey heshiiskii oo la saxeexday Yuhuuda iyadoo Qaddafi markii hore taageero xoogle siiyey Masaarida, kana filanayey in uu arinka laleeyahay weliba oday u yahay. Heshiis kaa Madaxwayne Sadat lagalay Raiisalwasaarihii Israel Menachem Begin ayaa marlabaad aad u bedelay kana cadhaysiiyey Mr. Qaddafi.
Shirkii Carabta ee Khartoum 1967 (Khartoum Arab Summit) ayey carabi ku heshiiyey in aan wax wada xaajood ah iyo wax nabad ah toona lala geli Karin Israel. Qaddafi wuxuu ku xisaabtamayey in aan sidii carabtu Khartoum ugu heshiisay aan Yuhuud lala heshiin Karin ay arimuhu ahaandoonaan, hadii heshiis Israel imanayana carabi ay ka tashandoonto, laakin may dhicin oo Madaxwayne Anwar Sadat isagoon nina la tashan buu ka degay September 1978 Camp David, kulana saxeeday Yuhuuda heshiis u ka shaqeeyey ama dhexdhexaadiyey Madaxwaynihii Maraykanka Jimmy Karter.
Qaddafi sidoo kale wuxuu meel adag ka taagnaa lashaqaynta maraykanka lafteeda, taana aad buu uga codhooday. Wuxuuna Qaddafi u arkay/aaminayna in isaga laftiisa Anwar Sadat wax yeelay una badheedhay, Carabna in Sadat khiyaameeyey.
Wuxuu dareemay in Carabnimadan u heelanaaba aanay cidi kula socon, ama in lagu xunyahay odaynimadiisa, sidaasi darteedna Masar ay carab u khiyaamaysay.
Madaama markii hore ay Qaddafi kala tageen reer gablbeed, hadana waxa u raacday in uu naco Carab oo iaygiina uu cadow u arko.
Bilowgii 1980s kiiba wuxuu bilaabay in uu ka fekero cid kale oo ay wax isku darsadaan, maadaama ay reer galbeedka is hayeen, carabina ay la heshiisay Israel iyo reer galbeed.
Qaddafi wuxuu bilaabay in uu u ekaado nin dunida ka masuul ah, ka ilaalinaya reer galbeed iyo waxay cago ku qaataan iyo weliba Ruuska oo aanay isku wacnayn. Wuxuu bilaabay in uu taageero dhamaan jabhadihii dunida ka jiray sideetanaadkii sida dhaqdhaqaaqii south Africa ee kasoo horjeeday midab kala sooca ama gumaysiga cadaan ka tirade yar (South African anti-apartheid movements), IRA oo ahayd jabhad Waqooyiga Ireland iyo Ingiriiska xadkiisa ka dagaalanta.
Taageerada Qaddafi ee jabhaduhu xitaa waxay soo gaadhay jabhadii Somaliland National Movement (SNM) oo wadanka Libya Qaddafi ku qaabilay Col. C.qadir Kossar Cabdi gudoomihii SNM ee 3aad, kuna siiyey caawimo hub iyo dhaqaaleba ah. Hubkii uu C.qadir Kossar soo siisay waxa ka mid qoriga Somalidu u bixisay Nuur Madoobe, SNM tuna Nuur Shekh Isaxaaq ula baxeen markay arkeen wanaagiisa xaga dagaalka.
Waxa la sheegaa in 1980s Tripoli uu ka sameeyey kaam magaciisu ahaa International Revolutionary Mataba kaas oo lagu tabobaray ama lagu caawiyey in ka badan 35 jabhadood oo qaaradaha dunida ka jiray xilligaas.
Jahadaha oo keliya maahee Qaddafi wuxuu uu soo dhawaystay ninkasta oo ay reer galbeedka ishayeen sida Madaxwaynihii Uganda Idi Amin iyo Madaxwaynihii Africada dhexe Bedel Bokassa ee marna Boqor ba sheegan jiray, Yasser Carafat, Fidel Castro iyo Nelson Mandela iyo rag kaloo badan.
Sheekooyinka la yaabka leh waxa ka mid aha; Madaxwaynihii hore marna boqorka sheegtay ee Afrikada dhexe H.E Bedel Bokassa oo Qaddafi saaxiib dhow u ahaayeen, Qaddafina lacag badan siin jiray ayaa markuu ogaaday in Qaddafi Islam ka jecelyahay yidhi waan isalaamayaa, waxa uu soo booqday Tripoli September 1976, wuxuuna la kulmay saaxiibkii Qaddafi wuxuuna sheegay in uu rabo in ashahaada loo qabto, arintaas oo Qaddafina aad usoo dhaweeyey, ka bacdina lacag badan diyaaradii ugu raray. Boqor Bedel Bokassa markii uu ku noqday wadankiisii bishii December 1976 ba wuxuu sheegay hadana in uu diintiisii hore ku noqday, waa markuu malaa lacagta intii u danbaysay Qaddafi usoo shubay.
Qaddafi dhamaan Madaxdaas la saaxiib ka ahayd wuxuu siin jiray lacag badan iyo hadyado. Dalalkoodana mashaariic hor-umarineed ayuu u qaban jiray. Si gaar ah dalalka kiristanka ah ee tiro Muslim oo yara ku nooshahay wuxuu madaxdooda kala hadli jiray in ay ilaaliyaan Muslim ka. Wuxuu kaloo dhisi jiray Masaajido iyo xarumo muslim.
Qaddafi wuxuu isu arkayey boqor dunida oo dhan masuuliyada ka saarantahay, wuxuuna isku dayijiriay arinkasta oo calami ah in uu saamayntiisa ku yeeshu.
Fikradaha oo soo jeediyey beri danbe waxa ka mid ahayn in ay Falastiin iyo Israel midoobaan oo hal dawlad samaystaan una bixiyaan Israistiin.
Reer galbeedka ama guud ahaanba caalamku waxay u arkayeen nin taageera argagixisada caalamiga ah. Sanadkii 1985 waxa qaraxyo ka dhaceen madaarada Rome iyo Vienna waxaana ku dhintay dad rayid ah, weerardan Maraykanku waxay ku eedyeen Qaddafi.
Mar ay weriyeyaal waydiiyeen Col. Qaddafi waxa lagugu eedyey in aad argagixiso tahay, wuxuu ku jawaabay “Ronald Raegan ayaa ah argagixisada dunida ugu wayn” eedaymo culus na waa u jeediyey.
April 1986 Maraykanku waxa weeraro duqayn ah ka fuliyeen Libya iyagoo bar tilmaameedsaday guryo, goobo iyo xafiisyadii Qaddafi si ay u khaarijiyaan, laakin nasiib daro dad rayid ah bay ku laayeen isagiina waxba may gaadhin.
Sanadkii 1988 ayaa waxa ku burburtay hawada Scotland UK dayaarad kuna duldhacday deegaanka Lockerbie. Shilkan ayaa looga shakiyey Qaddafi waana lagu eedeeyey. Qarxinta diyaarada ayaa la sheegay in loo adeegsaday bomb lagu soo dhexqariyey diyaarada. Diyaarada ayaa kasoo kacday Frankfort Germany sii maraysay Heathrow Airport UK aakhirkana ku dhamaanaysay Detroit USA. Waxa saarnaa 243 musaafiriin ah iyo 16 shaqaale ah dhamaan way dhinteen, waxa kale oo diyaaradu dishay 11 ruux oo dhulka ay ku duldhacday joogay, isu gayn ahaan 270 ayaa ku dhintay shilkaasi sida lasoo weriyey. Burburka iyo shilka diyaaradani wuxuu ceeb wayn oo aan laga garaabayn u keenay Qaddafi inakstoo uu dafiray hadana baadhisihii la sameeyey waxay ku tusayeen in Libya lagu soo sameeyey walxihiii loo adeegsaday qarxinta diyaarada.
Waxa lagu eedeeyey laba nin oo Libyan ah, midkoona ahaa sarkaal sirdoonka Libya ka tirsan laguna magacaabi jiray Abdelbaset al-Megrahi. UN tuna waxay Libya kusoo rogtay cunaqabatayn maadaama ay falkaasi ku kacday dawladii Libya.
Hogaamiye Qaddafi falkaasi muu qiran, hase yeeshee waxuu ogolaaday 2011 in ay magdhow bixiso Libya iyo in la dhiibo labadii nin ee la eedeeyey, Libya na la qaado cuna qabataynta. Marnaba muu ogolaan in ay dawlada Libya falkaasi amartay.
Tanaasulkan waxa keenay, ka dib markii cunaqabatayn tii caalamku culays ku keentay, uuna arkay awoodiisa iyo in aan carab iyo afrikaan midina reer galbeed ka waabinayn ayuu go’aansaday in uu magdhow bixiyo ragga la eedeeyna dhiibo.
Culaysyada jiray waxa ka mid ahaa in ay Libya noqotay dal aan awoodaha dunida midna saaxiib la ahayn, oo beri iyo galbeed ba dawladaha caalamku colaadinayaan, heer ay gaadhay in madaarada caalamka qofka Libyan passport ku safraya uu cidhiidhi galo oo loo arko danbiile, dhaqaale iyo sayaasadna warkeedaba daa. Markaa Qaddafi waxay u muuqday in dadkuba ku kici doono hadaanu cid uun la heshiin, taas baana keentay in uu u debco reer galbeedka.
Sidaynu soo sheegnay Qaddafi hamigiisu wuxuu ahaa markii hore in uu Carab oo dhan mideeyo, oo hal dawlad ama urur awood leh usameeyo isagoo arintaa ku daba joogay Jamaal Cabdunaasir, hasa yeeshee markii Carabi midoobi wayday waxna wada qabsan wayday, wuxuu u jeestay Africa in uu hal dawlo ka dhigo, tiina markuu hadafkuu ka rabay ka waayey ayuu go’aansaday in uu jabhadaha dunida iyo qaswadayaasha taageero oo lacago ku bixiyo. Haddii aynu soo ururino, wuxuu rabay uun duni uu isagu xukumo oo wax ka dhegaysta laakin waaqici muu ahayn.
Sikastaba ha ahaatee debecaa uu soo debcay maamulkii Qaddafi ma keenin in si buuxda reer galbeedku uga qaadaan cunaqabatayntii. Waayo waxay rabeen in ay hubka dhigis ku sameeyaan Qaddafi
1990s kii waxa Libya kusoo laabtay dhalinyaro kasoo dagaalantay Afghanistan oo islaamiyiin ama jihaad doon ah, dhalinyaradaasi waxay damceen in ay ridaan maamulka Qaddafi oo ka dhisaan dalka Libya dawlad Islami ah. Halkaa waxa ka dhashay iska hor imaad dhalay in Qaddafi cagta mariyo dhalinyaradaas. Wixii badbaadayna jeelasha ku guro. 1996 ayaa xabsigii ay ku jireen oo la odhan jiray Abu Siniin ay damceen in ay jabsadaan oo ka daataan taas oo ay ka dhalatay in la xasuuqo oo 270 wiil oo dhalinyro ahaa halkaa ku dhintaan. Arintaasi waxay keentay in dad badani ka xumaadaan oo reer Libya ahi.
Waxay kaloo jirtay oo Iyana sababa debeca Qaddafi ka mid ahaa, dagaalkii Maraykanku ku qaaday Saddam Xuseen iyo Ciraaq iyo sidii looga adkaaday Saddam Xuseen.
Waxa la sheegaa in habeen kii la dilay Cuday iyo Qusay waa labadii wiil ee Saddam Xuseen dhalaye, ay Qaddafi xaaskiisii Safia Farkash shir ugu yeedhay una sheegtay in uu reer galbeedka la heshiiyo. Waxay tidhi hadaad adigu Qaddafiyow igu diido oo aad sii wadanayso dagaalka aad kula jirto Maraykan, anigu marabo in inamadayda sidaa ilma Saddam Xuseen loo laayo, markaa anagaa kaa tegayna. Arimahaasi waxay dibciyeen go’aankii Qaddafi ee la colaytanka reer galbeedka
December 2003 Qaddafi wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in uu aqbalay in uu burburiyo mashruucii uu waday ee hubka nuclear ka. Madaxwaynihii Marakaykan ee wakhtigaas George W Bush ayaa isna khudabad jeediyey uu kusoo dhawaynayo isdhiibida Qaddafi. 2005 ayaa lagu dhawaaqay in Libya laga sifeeyey waxlihii nuclear laga samayn lahaa oo dhan. Arintani waxay noqotay guul wayn oo ay gaadheen dawladaha iyo sirdoonka reer galbeedku, mana ay noqon mid loogu naxariisto keligii taliye Qaddafi.
Waxa kale oo Iyana maamulkii Qaddafi sameeyey waxoogaa isbedel ah, sida in dad maxaabiis ahaa laga sii daayey jeelasha iyo isku shaandhayn xaga golaha dawlada ah. Wakhtigan waxa Qaddafi uu awoodihii badh siiyey inankiisii Sayf Al-Islam.
Waxa kale oo dhacday in Golaha Amaanka lagu soo celiyey Libya, lagana qaaday cunaqabatayno badan oo saarnaa.
2004 waxa markii ugu horaysay booqday raiisalwasaarihii Ingiriiska Tony Blaire ooh or kacaya raxan gacansato iyo warshadlay ingiriis ah, si ay heshiisyo Ganacsi ula galaan Libya.
Isla 2004 waxa isna yimi Libya Raiisalwasaarihii Talyaaniga Silvio Berlusconi iyo wefti culus oo uu watay. Waxa iyaguna Libya booqday iyagoo heshiisyo ganacsi iyo dhaqaale wada Xoghayihii Arimaha debada ee Maraykanka Condoleezza Rice iyo Madaxwaynihii Faransiiska Nicolas Sarkozy. Waxa muuqadatay in Qaddafi sifiican isugu dhiibay reer galbeed kii ay muddo badan is hayeen.
Arinta hubka wax gumaada ee Libya laga burburiyey waxay reer galbeed ka u lahayd faaiido wayn oo xilligaas oo ciraaq laga waayey waxay sheegayeen ayey u ahayd in ay indhaha caalamka tusaan in Libya laga helay si nabad ah, lana burburiyey, sidoo kalena in ay Ciraaq na haysatay oo ama ay weli qarssonyihiin ama Saddam Xuseen sii burburiyey. Markaa waxay ahayd arinta Libya waxay ku sheegaan (scape goat).
Qaddafi na waxay u ahayd cimri dherer iyo in uu iskaga jaro qodax muddo dheer ku taagnayd.
Dhamaan shirkadihii 1970s Libya Qaddafi ka eryey ee reer galbeedka ayaa soo laabtay, waxaana hagaagay xidhiidhkii Libya iyo reer galbeedka si aan kama danbays ahayn.
Qaddafi se wuxuu u haystay in ay reer galbeedkii u heshiiyeen si kama danbays ah.
2009 shirkii carabta ee lagu qabtay Doha Qatar ayuu Qaddafi khudbad maag iyo cay ah ujeediyey carabta. Wuxuuna toos u weeraray boqorkii Sucuudiga ee boqor Cabdalla uu ku idhi adigaa Maraykanka ku caawiyey in uu soo galo Ciraaq oo Saddam rido, wuxuu sidoo kale caayey boqorkii Qatar boqor Xamad bin khalifa Al Thani.
Khudabada Qaddafi waxay u muuqatay carabay waxba ma tihidin, markaad reer galbeed dabada ka gasheen ee aad I khiyaanteen ayaan anna is dhiibay. Sidaas oo kale ayaa loo fahmay maagiisa carbeed.
Isla sanadkaa 2009 waxa loo doortay hogaamiyaha midowga Africa, wuxuuna soo jeediyey in Afriki hal ciidan yeelato iyo hal lacag. Mar walba waxa Qaddafi ka muuqatay qab waynaan xad dhaaf ah iyo in aan Libya madaxnimadeedu ku filnayn.
Markii ugu horsay ayuu Qaddafi Maraykan booqday kana qayb galay shirkii Qaramada midoobay ee September 23, 2009. Reer galbeedka oo markii hore si taxadir le ula socday dhaqdhaqaaqiisa ayaa waxa yaab ku keentay khudbadii uu ka jeediyey golaha ammaanka ee loo dhanyahay. Khubadaas wuxuu ku sheegay in aanu jirin gole amaan wax la yidhaahdo ee meeshani tahay meel reer galbeedku dadka kale gumaysto, waxaanu ka magacaabay golaha argagax gelinta (The Council of Terror).
Waxa kaloo uu sameeyey in habeenkii madaxwayne Obama casuumay madaxdii afrika in isna casho kale oo ku xumee ah New York ugu yeedhay madaxdii afrika. Waa arin yaabkeeda lahayd in uu madaxwayne maraykan martidiisii wadankiisa joogtay kula tartamo oo isku dayo in uu miiskiisa soo cidleeyo oo ka qaddafi laysugu yimaado. Waar ninku han waynaa, nasiib darro se cashadiisii lama imane tii madaxwayne Obama ayaa la tegay.
Khudbadan iyo dhacdooyinkani waxay reer galbeedku ka akhristeen in aan Qaddafi ga dhabta ahi weligii raboobayn, uuna yahay ninkan sida ah.
Qaybta labaad waa dhicistii Qaddafi iyo Libya Qaddafi dabadii laso…………..
