Taariikha kusaabsan dhanka isir nacaybka iyo midab kala sooca ee maanta ka taagan dalka maraykanka waa mid soo marty heerar kala duwan. Qofna si fiican uma fahmi karo halka sartu ka qudhuntay illaa uu dib u milicsado sooyaakii ay soo martay. Midab kala sooca ka taagan Maraykanku kuma salaysna oo kaliya caddaan madow duudsiyaya, laakiin waxa sidoo kale laga hor istaagaa xuquuqda ay leeyihiin dadka asalkoodu yahay laatiinka, Hindida cascas, Japanese-ka, Shiinaha iyo kuwo kaloo badan. Sidaasooy tahay haddana waxaynu qormadan kooban ku eegaynnaa dhibta ay dadka madawga ahi u soo mareen xorriyaddooda iyo halka ay maanta taagantahay.
Badi dadka madawga ahi Maraykanka waxay ku tageen ama lagu geeyay qaab addoonsi, iyada oo ay ka ganacsan jireen dalalkii reer yurub waayadaa(1526 waa markii qofkii u horreysay ee madow ah oo Afrika laga qaaday lagana dajiyay xeebaha Maraykanka, “South Carolina”), ugu awoodda weynaa sida Spain iyo Portugal si ay ugu qotaan beeraha ay ka samaysteen dalka maraykanka ee ay markaa heleen. Bal haddaba aynu kor xaadis ku samaynno waayihii kala duwanaa ee ay madowga maraykanku u soo mareen inay helaan xuquuqdooda.
1857. Maxkamadda sare Maraykanka ayaa qaadatay go’aankii ugu xumaa taariikhdeeda kadib markii ay xukunka loo yaqaan Dred. Scot V. Sanford ay xukuntay in dadka madaw xataa kuwa aan adoomaha ahayni aanay marnaba noqon Karin muwaadiniin Maraykan ah, taa baddalkeedana ay yihiin sida alaabta oo kale oo la iibin karo lana iibsan karo sida alaab kasta oo laga ganacsado oo kale. (go’aankani waxa uu ka danbeeyay markii nin madow ah oo magiciisu yahay Dred Scot, ninkii uu adoonka u ahaa ula guuray gobol is addoonsiga mamnuucay, kadib uu isku dayay adoonkani inuu iibsado xorriyaddiisa, markii loo diidayna maxkamad la tiigsaday ninkii lahaa, balse maxkamaddii arrinkiisii laashay iyada oo ku macnaynaysa in aan qof madoobi xaq u lahayn inuu qof cad maxkamadeeyo).
1917. Caddaanka ayaa weeraray madowga Maraykanka( African American), dibadbaxyo lagaga soo horjeeday midab takoorka madowga, bariga St. Louis, Illinois.
1918. Gobolka Texas ayaa danbi u aqoonsaday in luuqad aan ingiriisiga ahayn loo adeegsado wax dhigista dugsiyada
1941. Afrikaanka Marykanka ayaa ku hanjabay inay samayn doonaan dibad baxyo aan hore loo arag, iyaga oo ku doodaya in aanay qaybtoodii ka helin shaqooyinka difaaca iyo millatariga. Kadib guddida dabgalka caddaaladnimada shaqaalaysiinta, Fair Employment practices FEPC, ayaa mamnuucday in faquuq laga sameeyo shaqooyinka difaaca iyo dawladda inteeda kaleba.
1948. Madaxweyne Harry. S. Truman ayaa magacaabay guddi heer madaxweyne oo ka shaqayn doonta in loo sinnaado fursadda ciidamada qalabka sida iyo in isku si loola wada dhaqmo ciidamada
1954. Maxmadda sare ee dalka Maraykanka ayaa go’aamisay in faquuqa lagu hayo madawga ee dhinaca waxbarashadu aanu caddaalad ahayn. Brown v. board of education
1955. Aug. Emmet Till oo ahaa 14 jir madaw ah ayaa la afduubay, six un loo garaacay kadibna toogasho lagu dilay markii lagu eedeeyay in uu gabadh cad ka daba foodhyay, laba nin oo cadcad oo arrintaa loo xidhay waxa sii daysay oo bari yeeshay xeerbeegti wada caddaan ahayd.
1957. Sagaal arday oo madaw ah ayaa isku dayay inay badhxaan dugsi ay gaar u leeyihiin dadka caddaanka ahi oo ku yaallay Little rock( Arkansas). Badhasaabkii waagaa ee gobolka Arkansas Orville Fanbus ayaa isna sidoo kale amray in loo diido ardaydaasi inay dugsigaa galaan. Madaxweyne Eisenhower ayaa u diray ciidamo federal ah si ay u dhex galaan arrinta iyaga oo ardayda la jira.
1960. Afar arday oo madaw ah ayaa dhex fadhiistay meel cuntada caddaanku ku cunaan “Wool warth’s Lunch counter, North Carolina” waxaanay dalbadeen in loo adeego balse waa la diiday, laakiin waxa sii socday dhex fadhiisiga goobaha caamka ee koonfurta oo dhan sida barkadaha dabbaasha, baarkinnada, tiyaararrada, maktabadaha, iy meelo kale.
1962. James Meridth ayaa noqday ardaygii ugu horreeyay ee madow ah ee gala jaamacadda Mississipi isaga oo ay ilaalinayaan ciidamo federal ahi, madaxwene kennedy ayaa u diray 5000(shan kun) askari si ay u hor joogsadaan rabshadaha caddaanka
1963. Martin Luther King( oo ahaa ninkii astaanta u ahaa halganka madowga) ayaa la xidhay mar lagu jiray bannaan bax lagaga soo horjeeday kala soocidda midabka, waxaanu jeelka ka soo qoray waraaqdiisii caanka ahayd, isaga oo ku doodaya in shakhsiyaadku xaq u leeyihiin inay ka hor yimaaddaan ama aanay adeecin sharciyada aan cadaaladda ku dhisnay. Markii la soo daayay in ka badan 200,000(laba boqol oo kun) oo qof ayaa ka qayb galay dibad bax Washington ka dhacay halkaasoo martin ka jeediyay hadalkiisii caanka ahaa ee ‘I have a dream”
1964. Madaxweyne Lyndon Johnson ayaa saxiixay xeerka loo yaqaan Civil rghts act 1964. Kaasoo sharci darro ka dhigayay kala soocidda dhanka shaqada iyo meelaha dadku wada leeyihiin iyada oo loo eegayo jinsi(lab iyo dhedig), midab, diin, ama asalka qofku ka soo jeedo. Sharcigani waxa kale oo dawladda siinayaa awood ay ku joojiso kala sooca.
1965. shaqaalaha xuquuqda madaniga ah oo u dibad baxayay xaqa codaynta ayaa boolisku joojiyay una isticmaalay suntan dadka ilmada ka keenta, budhadh iyo sibbitoor, waxaana maalintaa loo yaqaannaa Axaddii dhiig daadashada
C/raxmaan C/laahi Warsame
Harvard Kennedy School of government (Online)
Hargeysa Somaliland
